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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is a gas giant, meaning that it is mostly composed of gas and does not have a solid surface. It is the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. The planet was named after the Roman god Saturnus, equivalent to the Greek god Cronos. Saturn is represented by the symbol ♄, the symbol of Saturnus' sickle.

Saturn has a very large system of rings made of ice, with smaller quantities of rocks and dust. So far, 59 moons have been recorded; as of 2007, three others are awaiting confirmation. The largest moon is Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II was born Karol Józef Wojtyla in Wadowice, Poland on May 18, 1920 and died on April 2, 2005. He was Pope, Bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Sovereign of Vatican City. He served as Pope for 27 years, the second longest serving Pope in history.

The longest serving pope was Pope Pius IX, who held the office for 31 years and seven months in the 19th-century. The third longest serving Pope was Pope Leo XIII, who held the office from 1878 to 1903. Saint Peter, the first Pope, is not counted as an elected Pope.

In 1938 Karol Wojtyla chose to become a professional actor and took a number of acting classes. In July 1939, he fulfilled the two months of mandatory army training for college bound men. After the death of his father, John Paul entered the Krakow Seminary in 1941 and was ordained a priest by Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha on November 1, 1946. A few years later he was elected Bishop, Arch-Bishop, and eventually Poland's youngest Cardinal. He was in charge of the Second Vatican Council. His writings and ideas had great influence on the Council's decisions.

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Today's featured image

Yellow coneflowers

A bee feeding on a twisted pair of yellow coneflowers (Echinacea paradoxa).

Photo credit: Derek Ramsey



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On this day...

July 31: Ka Hae Hawai‘i Day in Hawai'i; Feast day of Saint Ignatius of Loyola

Lunar Rover-Manned land vehicle (NASA)

1667 – The Second Anglo-Dutch War between England and the United Provinces ended with the signing of the Treaty of Breda in the Dutch city of Breda.
1703English writer Daniel Defoe was placed in a pillory for seditious libel after publishing a pamphlet politically satirising the High church Tories.
1777 – The Second Continental Congress passed a resolution allowing French nobleman Marquis de Lafayette to enter the American revolutionary forces as a Major General.
1917World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele began near the town of Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium, with the Allied Powers aiming to push through the German lines and capture their submarine bases along the Belgian coast.
1941The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi military leader Hermann Göring ordered SS general Reinhard Heydrich to develop "a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution to the Jewish question".
1971Apollo program: The first Lunar Rover (pictured) was used during the Apollo 15 mission to the moon.

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